I wandered

"I WANDERED LONELY AS A CLOUD"

 
          I WANDERED lonely as a cloud
          That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
          When all at once I saw a crowd,
          A host, of golden daffodils;
          Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
          Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
 
          Continuous as the stars that shine
          And twinkle on the milky way,
          They stretched in never-ending line
          Along the margin of a bay:                                  10
          Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
          Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
 
          The waves beside them danced; but they
          Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
          A poet could not but be gay,
          In such a jocund company:
          I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
          What wealth the show to me had brought:
 
          For oft, when on my couch I lie
          In vacant or in pensive mood,                               20
          They flash upon that inward eye
          Which is the bliss of solitude;
          And then my heart with pleasure fills,
          And dances with the daffodils.
                                William Wordsworth, 1804; code from Bartleby.com

Article to Memorize (Excerpts)

...In year one and every year thereafter, read the job ads in your field, and track the predominant and emerging emphases of the listed jobs. Ask yourself how you can incorporate those into your own project, directly or indirectly. You don't have to slavishly follow trends, but you have to be familiar with them and be prepared to relate your own work to them in some way.

Have a beautifully organized and professional CV starting in your first year and in every subsequent year. When I was a young assistant professor, a senior colleague told me that her philosophy was to add one line a month to her CV. Set that same goal for yourself. As a junior graduate student, you may or may not be able to maintain that pace, but keep it in the back of your mind, and keep your eye out for opportunities that add lines to your CV at a brisk pace.

Plan out a publishing trajectory to ensure that you have at least one sole-authored refereed journal article before you defend your dissertation.

Attend national conferences annually.

Applying for a wide range of grants is one of the best intellectual exercises in which you can engage.

Avoid like the plague offers of publication in edited collections, which is where good publications go to die. If you have a piece of work that can pass muster as a publication, make sure that it goes into a refereed journal, the best one you can reasonably manage.

Cultivate a letter writer who is not from your Ph.D.-granting institution.

Most people who prevail on the market need at least two years to do so.

Devote as much time as it takes to writing out brief—and I do mean brief—summaries of your dissertation research, teaching techniques and philosophy, and your future publication plans. Practice delivering those brief summaries until they become second nature.

Make your application materials absolutely flawless. Take your ego out of the process and ask everyone you know to ruthlessly critique your CV, letter, teaching statement, and research statement. Prioritize the advice you receive from young faculty members who have recently been on the market, and from senior professors who have recently chaired a search committee.

--Karen Kelsky, "Graduate School Is a Means to a Job" My favorite comment:

Isn't this just reinforcing the much criticized claim that "there are good jobs out there for good people"? While much of this advice is very useful, I bristle at it slightly because it seems to suggest that job seekers aren't getting jobs because they haven't figured out how to mold themselves into what the market supposedly wants--not because of major structural problems in the market itself. I have a hard time believing that there is some secret formula that ensures success in academia. I know people who got jobs after doing nearly everything this article recommends, but I also know others who did everything "right" and still came up empty handed. On the other hand, I certainly did not do everything Dr. Kelsky suggests to prepare for my own job search but was nevertheless one of the extraordinarily lucky few to get a tt job my first year on the market.

Mad Men Seasons 1-2

Season one, final episode: best scene with sentimentality in recent TV; highlights to season 2.

The Last Emperor

Triad 三合会

One of the wealthiest magnates ensnared in the purges was Li Jun, a Chongqing real estate mogul. Like hundreds of other private business executives, he said during 16 hours of interviews this month, he became a target of police, government and military officials who framed him as a “black society” boss.

He eventually lost control of his $711 million conglomerate and fled the country, branded a fugitive. Before his escape, he said, he endured three months of beatings, torture and relentless pressure to implicate others in nonexistent crimes.

He said his tormentors sought to confiscate his assets and extract a confession that could help frame rivals of Mr. Bo’s powerful ally in the military, Gen. Zhang Haiyang, now the political commissar of China’s nuclear forces.

Li Jun buttressed his account with photos taken at a secret detention facility and with binders of legal documents signed by military and police officials. A scholar of Chinese politics at Columbia University, Andrew Nathan, authenticated five documents supporting his claims of innocence.

Li Jun’s troubles began within a year after Mr. Bo’s appointment. A subsidiary of his company won a $50 million public bid for a hilly tract of land outside Chongqing. The seller was one of China’s five regional military commands, he said, led at the time by General Zhang.

In December 2009, under orders signed by the police chief, Mr. Wang, Li Jun was detained on suspicion of more than a dozen crimes, including organizing prostitution, usury, contract fraud, bid-rigging and bribery. He was bound to a “tiger bench,” a medieval-style iron seat with a straight back and a grooved bottom, and was kicked, pummeled and berated for 40 straight hours. At that point, he said, “I just wanted to die.”

A top military interrogator presented Li Jun with a list of more than 20 military officers, apparently rivals of Mr. Bo’s ally General Zhang, and accused him of bribing 2 of them to win the bid on the tract of land. “Don’t you see?” he said his interrogator finally told him. “Bo Xilai and Political Commissar Zhang are friends who grew up together. You are being framed. ”

Li Jun said he refused to confess. Finally, in March 2010, he was released and cleared of wrongdoing after paying the military command a $6.1 million fine. But after a police prostitution sting against a club he owned that October, he received a tip that he would be rearrested, and fled the country.

Thirty-one relatives and colleagues have since been jailed. His wife served a one-year sentence for aiding his flight. His elder brother was sentenced to 18 years in prison, his nephew 13 years. He had transferred ownership of his company to them in an attempt to shield it.

“It’s just like some new kind of Cultural Revolution,” he said. “Chongqing strikes down the landlords, redistributes the land and slaps a bad name on your head, ‘triad,’ from which you can never be freed.”

-"Crime Crackdown Adds to Scandal Surrounding Former Chinese Official," by SHARON LaFRANIERE and JONATHAN ANSFIELD, The New York Times

Fielding's Classicism

Fielding's attempt to cater to three audiences indicates that he anticipated more than a single response to his fiction. Readers who shared his knowledge of the classics would probably recognize the misuse of classical references as one signature of a given character and could identify with the narrator of Joseph Andrews, Tom Jones, or Amelia, appreciating the way he skillfully exploits allusions to ancient literature. Readers with only a smattering of Latin might initially identify with characters who rely heavily on Latin tags because that level of learning would most closely match their own, but they would be entrapped, because Fielding often links faulty learning and dubious morals. Fielding's least educated audience, who could be annoyed at untranslated quotations or would simply skip the classical references altogether, might misread characters who misuse classics -- as have some modern critics. Such readers might be blinded to characters' positive attributes by their hostile reaction to classical allusions and quotations; without other clues to personality, such an audience would probably rely more heavily on the narrator for guidance, thereby reinforcing his authority.

***

One cannot deny that Fielding reacted to the works of Defoe and Richardson -- and to those of a host of other eighteenth-century writers -- and that he drew on genres such as romance and spiritual autobiography, which also influenced others. As Watt has demonstrated, however, Defoe and Richardson entirely rejected the relevance of classical tradition because of its supposed immorality. Unlike them, Fielding drewon the classics in developing his conception of the novel as a form and used classical authority extensively in his criticism and his discussions of morality. When he openly acknowledges his debt to ancient literature, he self-consciously distances himself from Defoe and Richardson and associates himself with others who drew from the classical tradition. By identifying his fiction with classical forms, Fielding calls attention to the differences between his "literary" novels and those of his contemporaries, and he establishes a legitimate genealogy based on another tradition.

-Nancy Mace, Henry Fielding's Novels and the Classical Tradition (1996)

Glance at Muir, The Structure of the Novel

The dramatic figure is the opposite of the man of habit; he is the permanent exception. He breaks habit, or has it broken for him; he discovers the truth about himself, or in other words develops. He dramatises his real nature, where the flat character dramatises his second nature, or at best something in him which has been real but is so no longer. The utterance of the dramatic figure is therefore actually true, the utterance of the character symptomatic or symbolical.

A few instances will make clearer what is really a very obvious point. Here is the first:

MICHAEL HENCHARD’S WILL “That Elizabeth-Jane […] be not told of my death, or made to grieve on account of me.
“& that I be not bury’d in consecrated ground.
“& that no sexton be asked to toll the bell.
“& that nobody is wished to see my dead body.
“& that no murners walk behind me at my funeral.
“& that no flours be planted on my grave,
“& that no man remember me.
“To this I put my name.
“MICHAEL HENCHARD

Here are the others:

'And eggs,' said Mr Pecksniff, 'even they have their moral. See how they come and go! Every pleasure is transitory. We can't even eat, long. If we indulge in harmless fluids, we get the dropsy; if in exciting liquids, we get drunk. What a soothing reflection is that!'

As I must therefore conclude that you are not serious in your rejection of me, I shall chuse to attribute it to your wish of increasing my love by suspense, according to the usual practice of elegant females.

Cape Breton an island ! wonderful ! — show it me in the map. So it is, sure enough. My dear sir, you always bring us good news. I must go and tell the King that Cape Breton is an island.

The last quotation is from history, the others are from fiction. The difference between the first and the rest is, in any case, striking enough. Michael Henchard speaks from the heart, the others speak from their habitual selves; and the reader is quite well aware of it.

-Edwin Muir, The Structure of the Novel, 1928

A glance at Lukacs

This book was composed during the winter of 1936-7...the book pins exaggerated, indeed false, hopes on the independent liberation movement of the German people, on the Spanish revolution, etc...What I had in mind was a theoretical examination of the interaction between the historical spirit and the great genres of literature which portray the totality of history -- and then only as this applied to bourgeois literature; the change wrought by socialist realism lay outside the scope of my study...

...the fact that the historical novels which make the most noise today are those which accomodate a purely belletrist treatment of life to the latest fashions cannot affect the foundations of the artistic form...

Georg Lukacs, The Historical Novel, Preface to the English edition, 1960.

...the historical novel of our day, despite the great talent of its best exponents, still suffers in many respects from the remnants of the harmful and still not entirely vanquished legacy of bourgeois decadence...its different problems of form are but artistic reflections of these social-historical transformations.

Georg Lukacs, The Historical Novel, Forward, 1937.

The Lin Daiyu of America?

Rhetorical Selves

等柔嘉睡熟了，他想现在想到重逢唐晓芙的可能性，木然无动于中，真见了面，准也如此。缘故是一年前爱她的自己早死了，爱好，怕苏文纨，给鲍小姐诱惑这许多自己，一个个全死了。有几个死掉的自己埋葬在记里，立碑志墓，偶一凭吊，像对唐晓芙的一番情感，有几个自己，仿佛是路毙的，不去收拾，让它们烂掉化掉，给鸟兽吃掉——不过始终消灭不了，譬如向爱尔兰人买文凭的自己。

When his wife had fallen asleep, he began reflecting on how cold and indifferent he felt now at the thought of possibly meeting Tang Xiaofu again. If he really did meet her, it would be just the same. That was because the self, which had loved her a long year ago, had long since died. The selves which had loved her, which had been afraid of Su Wenwan, and which had been seduced by Miss Bao, had all died one after another. He had buried some of his dead selves in his memory, erected a monument to them, and occasionally paid them homage, such as by a moment of feeling for Tang Xiaofu. Others seemed to have died by the wayside and been left there to rot and decompose or be devoured by birds and beasts – but never to be completely obliterated such as the self which had bought the diploma from the Irishman.

Reader Gone Wild

昔有讀湯臨川《牡丹亭》死者,近時聞一癡女子以讀《紅樓夢》而死。 初,女子從其兄案頭搜得《紅樓夢》,廢寢食讀之。讀至佳處,往往輟卷冥想,繼之以淚。復自前讀之,反覆數十百遍,卒未嘗終卷,乃病矣。父 母覺之,急取書付火。女子乃呼曰:「奈何焚寶玉,黛玉?」自是笑啼失 常,言語無倫次,夢寐之間未嘗不呼寶玉也。延巫醫雜治,百弗效。一夕 瞪視牀頭燈,連語曰:「寶玉寶玉在此耶!」遂飲泣而瞑。

In the past, there was a girl who read Tang Xianzu’s Mudan ting and died; recently I’ve heard of a girl who was a fool for love, and who died because she read Honglou meng. In the beginning, the girl looked for Honglou meng on her brother’s desk, and finding it, neglected to eat and sleep as she read it. When she had read up to a delectable part (佳處), she would always rest the book and let her mind wander (輟卷冥想), and end by bursting into tears (繼之以淚). She began reading from the beginning again and again, leafing through it thousands of times; in the end she never once finished reading the novel before she grew ill. Her parents became aware of this and quickly took the book and burned it. The girl then cried, “How could you burn Baoyu and Daiyu?” From this time on she began laughing and crying in an unusual manner. Her words were no longer coherent, and she called for Baoyu continuously in her dreams. [The parents] invited witch healers and doctors who tried various cures, but a hundred cures had no effect. One night she stared at the lamp by the end of the bed and said repeatedly, "Baoyu! Baoyu has arrived!" Then she choked back her tears and died.

--anecdote from Yue Jun’s 樂鈞 (1766-1814) Er shi lu 耳食錄 (Record of Hearsay), printed in 1821. Translation by Sophie Volpp in her article "Wu Lanzheng’s Jiang Heng Qiu," Journal of Theater Studies (July 2011)

Aristotle's Poetics

"Conspectus" of the Poetics by Stephen Halliwell (Aristotle's Poetics, 1986):

Chs. 1-3 MIMESIS
Ch. 1	The media of poetic mimesis: language, rhythm and music
Ch. 2	The object of poetic mimesis: men in action, ethically differentiated according to genre
Ch. 3	The modes of poetic mimesis: narrative, dramatic enactment, or an alternation of the two
Chs. 4-5 ORIGINS & HISTORY OF POETRY
Ch. 4	Natural causes of poetry: mimetic instinct, and the pleasure of  learning from mimetic objects
Chs. 4-5	Literary history and teleology: Homer the pioneer of tragedy and comedy
Chs. 6-22 TRAGEDY
Ch. 6	Definition; the six parts of tragedy, and their relative importance
Chs. 7-14	Plot-structure (muthos)
7-8	Coherence and unity
9	Poetic universality (the distinction between poetry and history)
9-10	Simple and complex plots
11	Elements of the complex plot: reversal (peripeteia) and recognition (anagnorisis)
12	The quantitative units of tragedy
13-14	The finest tragedy: hamartia and two approaches to the ideal
Ch. 15	Characterization (ethos)
Ch. 16	Recognition: a typology
Chs. 17-18	Miscellaneous precepts and observations
Chs. 19-22	Lexis: the fundamentals of language and style
Chs. 23-6 EPIC
Ch. 23	Unity of epic plot-structure: tragic principles applied to epic
Ch. 24	Differences between epic and tragedy
Ch. 25	Poetic ‘problems’ and their solutions: moral and fictional licence allowed to the poet
Ch. 26	Comparison of epic and tragedy: the latter’s superiority

...Aristotle is either unwilling or unable to offer an analysis of the element of most importance after plot, namely character, to match his study in plot-structure in scale or clarity...

--Stephen Halliwell

Variegating

GLORY be to God for dappled things—   For skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow;     For rose-moles all in stipple upon trout that swim; Fresh-firecoal chestnut-falls; finches’ wings;   Landscape plotted and pieced—fold, fallow, and plough;         5     And áll trádes, their gear and tackle and trim. All things counter, original, spare, strange;   Whatever is fickle, freckled (who knows how?)     With swift, slow; sweet, sour; adazzle, dim; He fathers-forth whose beauty is past change:         10                   Praise him.

Gerard Manley Hopkins (Thanks Bartleby.com)

there's a certain slant...

There's a certain slant of light,
On winter afternoons,
That oppresses, like the weight
Of cathedral tunes.

Heavenly hurt it gives us;
We can find no scar,
But internal difference
Where the meanings are.

None may teach it anything,
'Tis the seal, despair,-
An imperial affliction
Sent us of the air.

-Emily Dickinson

Ice Girl II

You know, I languish in captivity,
Praying to the Lord for death.
But I remember, to the point of pain,
Tver's barren, meager earth.

The crane on the decrepit well,
Over it, boiling, the clouds,
In the field a creaking little gate,
And the smell of wheat, and weariness.

And those pale expanses,
Where even the voice of the wind is weak,
And the condemning way
Those quiet, sunburnt peasant women look at me.

--Anna Akhmatova, August 1913. From Rosary. Translated by Judith Hemschmeyer.

Ice Girl

The heart's memory of the sun grows faint.
The grass is yellower.
A few early snowflakes blow in the wind,
Barely, barely.

The narrow canals have stopped flowing --
The water is chilling.
Nothing will ever happen here --
Oh, never!

The willow spreads its transparent fan
Against the empty sky.
Perhaps I should not have become
Your wife.

This heart's memory of the sun grows faint.
What's this? Darkness?
It could be! ... One night brings winter's first
Hard freeze.

--Anna Akhmatova, January 30, 1911. From Evening. Translated by Judith Hemschemeyer

Poetics

We would allow the champions of poetry -- men who do not practise the art themselves, but are lovers of it -- to offer a prose defence on its behalf, showing that poetry is a source not only of pleasure, but also of benefit to communities and to the life of man. And we shall listen graciously.

--Plato, Republic, book 10

Consistency

Consistency in the short run he may have lacked, but stamina and consistency in the long run he surely possessed. Raffish on occasion, unpredictably rebellious in everything, an Aeolian harp to the breezes of modernism, he was also endowed with the same patient watchfulness, tempered with self-distrust, that marked the great Victorians.

--R. W. Flint on William Carlos Williams

The Kraken

The Kraken
Alfred, Lord Tennyson 

Below the thunders of the upper deep;
Far, far beneath in the abysmal sea,
His ancient, dreamless, uninvaded sleep
The Kraken sleepeth: faintest sunlights flee
About his shadowy sides: above him swell
Huge sponges of millennial growth and height;
And far away into the sickly light,
From many a wondrous grot and secret cell
Unnumbered and enormous polypi
Winnow with giant arms the slumbering green.
There hath he lain for ages and will lie
Battening upon huge sea-worms in his sleep,
Until the latter fire shall heat the deep;

Then once by man and angels to be seen,
In roaring he shall rise and on the surface die.

Testimonio

If the novel is a closed and private form in the sense that both the story and the subject end with the end of the text, defining that auto-referential self-sufficiency that is the basis of formalist reading practices, the testimonio exhibits by contrast what René Jara calls a “public intimacy” (intimidad pública) in which the boundary between public and private spheres of life essential in all forms of bourgeois culture and law is transgressed. The narrator in testimonio is a real person who constitutes living and acting in a real social history that also continues. Testimonio can never in this sense create the illusion of that textual in-itselfness that has been the basis of literary formalism, nor can it be adequately analyzed in these terms. It is, to use Umberto Eco’s slogan, an “open work” that implies the importance of and power of literature as a form of social action, but also its radical insufficiency.

In principle, testimonio appears therefore as an extraliterary or even antiliterary form of discourse. That paradoxically, is precisely the basis of both its aesthetic and its political appeal...If the picaresque novel was the pseudoautobiography of a lower-class individual (thus inverting a "learned" humanist form into a pseudopopular one), we might observe in recent literature (1) novels that are in fact pseudo-testimonios, inverting a form that grows out of subaltern experience into one that is middlebrow (an example might be the Mexican novel Las aventuras, desaventuras y sueños de Adonis García: El vampiro de la Colonia Roma, by Luis Zapata, which purports to be the testimonio of a homosexual prostitute...(3) a series of ambiguous forms located between the novel and testimonio as such (for example, Nawal El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero or the very intriguing novel/memoir of the Cultural Revolution, Yang Jiang’s A Cadre School Life, which is a testimonio rendered in the mold of a narrative of classical Chinese literature).

--John Beverly, Testimonio: On the Politics of Truth

Some new worlds

The world hasn't ended, but the world as we know it has -- even if we don't quite know it yet. We imagine we still live back on that old planet, that the disturbances we see around us are the old random and freakish kind. But they're not. It's a different place. A different planet. It needs a new name. Eaarth; Or Monnde, or Tierrre, Errde, . It still looks familiar enough -- we're still the third rock out from the sun, still three-quarters water. Gravity still pertains; we're still earthlike. But it's odd enough to constantly remind us how profoundly we've altered the only place we've ever known. I am aware, of course, that the earth changes constantly, and that occasionally it changes wildly, as when an asteroid strikes or an ice age relaxes its grip. This is one of those rare moments, the start of a change far larger and more thorough going than anything we read in the records of man, on a par with the biggest dangers we can read in the records of rock and ice.

--Bill McKibben, Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet

1Q84—that’s what I’ll call this new world, Aomame decided.

Q is for “question mark.” A world that bears a question.

Aomame nodded to herself as she walked along.

Like it or not, I’m here now, in the year 1Q84. The 1984 that I knew no longer exists. It’s 1Q84 now. The air has changed, the scene has changed. I have to adapt to this world-with-a-question-mark as soon as I can. Like an animal released into a new forest. In order to protect myself and survive, I have to learn the rules of this place and adapt myself to them.

--Haruki Marukami, 1Q84

Poetics means image systems

Film is a magnificent medium for the poet's soul, once the screenwriter understands the nature of story poetics and its workings within a film. 

Poetic does not mean pretty. Decorative images of the kind that send audiences out of disappointing films muttering "but it's beautifully photographed" are not poetic. The Sheltering Sky: its human content is aridity, a desperate meaninglessness -- what was once called an existential crisis, and the novel's desert setting was metaphor for the barrenness of the protagonists' lives. The film, however, glowed with the postcard glamour of a tourist agency travelogue, and little or nothing of the suffering at its heart could be felt. Pretty pictures are appropriate if the subject is pretty: The Sound of Music. 

Rather, poetic means an enhanced expressivity. Wheter a story's content is beautiful or grotesque, spiritual or profane, quietistic or violent, pastoral or urban, epic or intimate, it wants full expression. A good story well told, well directed and acted, and perhaps a good film. All that plus an enrichment and deepening of the work's expressivity through its poetics, and perhaps a great film.

To begin with, as audience in the ritual of story, we react to every image, visual or auditory, symbolically. We instinctively sense that each object has been selected to mean more than itself and so we add a connotation to every denotation. When an automobile pulls into a shot, our reaction is not a neutral thought such as "vehicle"; we give it a connotation. We think, "Huh. Mercedes...rich. Or "Lamborghini....foolishly rich." "Rusted-out Volkswagen...artist." "Harley-Davidson...dangerous." "Red Trans-Am...problems with sexual identity." The storyteller then builds on this natural inclination in the audience.

The first step in turning a well-told story into a poetic work is to exclude 90 percent of reality. The vast majority of objects in the world have the wrong connotations for any specific film. So the spectrum of possible imagery must be sharply narrowed to those objects with appropriate implications.

In production, for example, if a director wants a vase added to a shot, this prompts an hour's discussion, and a critical one. What kind of vase? What period? What shape? Color? Ceramic, metal, wood? Are there flowers in it? What kind? Where located? Foreground? Mid-ground? Background? Upper left of the shot? Lower right? In or out of focus? Is it lit? Is it touched as a prop? Because this isn't just a vase, it's a highly charged, symbolic object resonating meaning to every other object in the shot and forward and backward through the film. Like all works of art, a film is a unity in which every object relates to every other image or object.

Limited to what's appropriate, the writer then empowers the film with an Image System, or systems, for there are often more than one.

An IMAGE SYSTEM is a strategy of motifs, a category of imagery embedded in the film that repeats in sight and sound from beginning to end with persistence and great variation, but with equally great subtlety, as a subliminal communication to increase the depth and complexity of aesthetic emotion.

"Category" means a subject drawn from the physical world that's broad enough to contain sufficient variety. For example, a dimension of nature -- animals, the seasons, light and dark -- or a dimension of human culture -- buildings, machines, art. This category must repeat because one or two isolated symbols have little effect. But the power of an organized return of images is immense, as variety and repetition drive the Image System to the seat of the audience's unconscious. Yet, and most important, a film's poetics must be handled with virtual invisibility and go consciously unrecognized.

An Image System is created one of two ways, via External or Internal Imagery. External Imagery takes a category that outside the film already has a symbolic meaning and brings it in to mean the same thing in the film it means outside the film: for example, to use the national flag -- a symbol of patriotism and love of country -- to mean patriotism, love of country. In Rocky IV, for example, after Rocky defeats the Russian boxer, he wraps himself in a massive American flag. Or to use a crucifix, a symbol of love of God and religious feelings, to mean love of God, religious feelings; a spider's web to mean entrapment; a teardrop to mean sadness. External Imagery, I must point out, is the hallmark of the student film.

Internal Imagery takes a category that outside the film may or may not have a symbolic meaning attached but brings it into the film to give it an entirely new meaning appropriate to this film and this film alone.

--Robert McKee, Story: Style, Structure, Substance and the Principles of Screenwriting

Ecrivez

Ecrivez en francais:

1. If you like this better, tell me so at once.
2. The general remained only a little while in this place.
3. If you did not speak so quickly, they would understand you better.
4. The leaves have not fallen yet nor will they fall for some days.
5. It will fit you pretty well.
6. The people of this country are less happy than the people of yours.
7. Come back on the fifteenth of next month, no sooner and no later.
8. I met him downstairs by chance.
9. Be industrious: the more one works, the better one succeeds.
10. The harder the task, the more honorable the labor.
11. The more a man praises himself, the less inclined are others to praise him.
12. Go away more quietly next time.

--Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, Dictee